12 Fastest Growing Economies of 2011

The ‘12 Fastest Growing Economies in 2010’. I have taken a look at the data on the Economic Statistics database.The data points come from the IMF’s tracker of GDP Growth in constant prices in the national currency (not converted to US dollars).

GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency)    Value


 Ghana                                             20.146 %


 Qatar                                             14.337 %


 Turkmenistan                                      12.178 %


 China                                             9.908 %


 Liberia                                           9.003 %


India                                               8.43 %



Angola                                              8.251 %



Iraq                                                7.873 %



Ethiopia                                            7.663 %



Mozambique                                          7.548 %



Timor Leste (East Timor)                            7.4 %



Laos                                                7.395 %

11 hatchbacks models launched in India Markets 2010

the eyes of a car lover the year 2010 was one of the best years in the history of Indian passenger 


Ford Figo
Volkswagen Polo
Chevrolet Beat
Nissan Micra
Skoda Fabia
New Hyundai i10
New Maruti Wagon R
New Maruti Swift
Maruti Alto K10
New Indica Vista
Fiat Punto

Top 10 most searched Indian cars of 2010

According to data compiled and analysed over the year, CarDekho.com. The Internet has become a fine source of information on cars.

1.  Ford Figo
2. Volkswagen Polo
3. Hyundai i10
4. Maruti Alto
5. Maruti Swift
6. Maruti Wagon R
7. Maruti Swift Dzire
8. Toyota Innova
9. Volkswagen Vento
10. Mahindra Scorpio

World's 15 biggest malls

Besides shopping, many malls offer the best entertainment and dining avenues to make shopping an enjoyable experience.The 15 biggest malls in terms of gross leasable area


1. South China Mall
Opened in 2005, South China Mall in Donguan is the world's largest mall.


2. Golden Resources Mall
It is also known as 'Great Mall of China', it was the world's largest shopping mall during 2004-2005.

3. The Dubai Mall

It is the world's largest mall in terms of total area. It set a record on November 4, 2008, opening with about 600 retailers.

4. West Edmonton Mall

It is the largest shopping mall in North America. It was the world's largest mall for two decades from 1981 till 2004. 

5. Istanbul Cevahir

The Istanbul Cevahir shopping and entertainment centre, opened on October 15, 2005 in Istanbul, Turkey, is the largest shopping centre in Europe.

6. Berjaya Times Square

Located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, it was opened in October 2003. The 48-storeyed bulling stands at a height of 666 ft high.

7. Beijing Mall

8. Eastwood Mall, Ohio

 The Eastwood Mall is one of the largest and most diverse shopping centres in Ohio. Opened in 1969,

9. Grandview Mall, Guangzhou

10. King of Prussia Mall

11. Mall of America

12. South Coast Plaza, California

13. Centro Comercial Santafe, Bogota

14. Centro Comercial Aricanduva 

15. Central World, Bangkok

The 20 largest companies in India

Indian companies have become bigger and stronger in the last ten years with the average revenue of a company on the Fortune India 500 list standing at Rs 7,632.5 crore (Rs 76.32 billion).


1. Indian Oil Corporation
2. Reliance Industries
3. State Bank of India
4. Bharat Petroleum
5. Hindustan Petroleum Corp
6. ONGC
7. Tata Steel
8. Tata Motors
9. Hindalco Industries
10. ICICI Bank

India's 10 most competitive cities

The Competitiveness is a comprehensive study of India's major cities.The model proposes includes four interlinked advanced factors -- demand conditions, factor conditions, context for firm strategy and rivalry and supporting and related industries -- are instrumental in determining competitiveness for a particular region or country.


1. Delhi
It contributes 4.94 per cent to all-India GDP,which based its findings on the metropolitan's infrastructure and business environment.
2. Chennai
 Particularly by its educated workforce and logistics infrastructure.
3. Mumbai
industrial output and Capital transaction
4. Bengaluru
The leading contributor to India's IT industry, the city is often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India
5. Kolkata
6. Hyderabad
7. Ahmedabad
8. Pune
9. Nagpur
10. Jaipur

The world's largest employers

The private as also the public sector, provide employment to millions of people across the world. It is interesting to note who the world's biggest employers are below.


1. Wal-Mart Stores, US: 2,100,000
2. Indian Railways: 1,632,659
3. China National Petroleum Corporation: 1,629,992
4. National Health Service, Britain: 1,626,000
5. China's State Grid Corp: 1,533,800
6. Sinopec: 639,690
7. Deutsche Post, Germany: 502,545 employees
8.  Siemens Group, Germany: 461,000 employees
9.  McDonald's, US: 447,000 employees
10.  Carrefour, France: 440,479

Top 10 Tech Trends For The Decade

2010 is drawing to a close. We've been covering various tech companies and entrepreneurs since 2005, and this year, here is a quick synthesis of what look like the major trends :


1. Cloud Computing Adoption
2. Massive Outsourcing and Offshoring
3. Social Web
4. Vertical and Local Web
5. Online Advertising
6. Online Gaming
7. Tablets and Smartphones
8. Online Video
9. E-books
10. Bootstrapped Entrepreneurship

11 Outsourcing Trends to Watch in 2011

Outsourcing activity is expected to creep back in 2011, but things are hardly getting back to normal in the IT services space. The new year will be marked largely by upheaval--smaller contracts, cloud-related chaos, increased offshoring and decreased quality, for a start.


1. Progressive Outsourcing
2. Diving for Dollars
3. Outsourcing, Meet Cloud Sourcing
4. Back-Door Deals Put CIOs at Risk
5. The End of Customization
6. Prices Get Firm
7. M&A: East Meets West
8. China, Brazil, and Egypt Take Center Stage
9. Protectionism Will Continue...With Limited Effect
10. Providers Embrace Mass Automation...
11. Mass (Offshore) Migration

India Top Ten Search Brands in 2010

These brand's products/services are often typed on Internet.

1.Nokia

2.Samsung

3. Airtel

4. Micromax

5. Dell

6. Maruti

7. Vodafone

8. Apple

9. Sony Ericsson

10. HP

Top Ten Most Popular Keywords in 2010

1.Songs

2.Facebook

3. Google

4. Youtube

5. Yahoomail

6. Gmail

7. Yahoo

8. Nokia

9. Orkut

10. Irctc

Best Home Based Business Idea In 2011

Now you can develop a high profit business model that has low expenses and is operated as a home based business just by selling or referring non-tangible products. Some of the small business ideas include:

• Consulting Services
• Direct Sales
• Web Design
• Search Engine Optimisation
• Internet Marketing Services
• Content Writing
• Affiliate Marketing
• Web Publishing
• Blogging

8 Business Gurus Famously Successful People Who Failed At First

These businessmen and the companies they founded are today known around the world, but as these stories show, their beginnings weren't always smooth.

1. Henry Ford: While Ford is today known for his innovative assembly line and American-made cars, he wasn't an instant success. In fact, his early businesses failed and left him broke five time before he founded the successful Ford Motor Company.
2. R. H. Macy: Most people are familiar with this large department store chain, but Macy didn't always have it easy. Macy started seven failed business before finally hitting big with his store in New York City.
3. F. W. Woolworth: Some may not know this name today, but Woolworth was once one of the biggest names in department stores in the U.S. Before starting his own business, young Woolworth worked at a dry goods store and was not allowed to wait on customers because his boss said he lacked the sense needed to do so.
4. Soichiro Honda: The billion-dollar business that is Honda began with a series of failures and fortunate turns of luck. Honda was turned down by Toyota Motor Corporation for a job after interviewing for a job as an engineer, leaving him jobless for quite some time. He started making scooters of his own at home, and spurred on by his neighbors, finally started his own business.
5. Akio Morita: You may not have heard of Morita but you've undoubtedly heard of his company, Sony. Sony's first product was a rice cooker that unfortunately didn't cook rice so much as burn it, selling less than 100 units. This first setback didn't stop Morita and his partners as they pushed forward to create a multi-billion dollar company.
6. Bill Gates: Gates didn't seem like a shoe-in for success after dropping out of Harvard and starting a failed first business with Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen called Traf-O-Data. While this early idea didn't work, Gates' later work did, creating the global empire that is Microsoft.
7. Harland David Sanders: Perhaps better known as Colonel Sanders of Kentucky Fried Chicken fame, Sanders had a hard time selling his chicken at first. In fact, his famous secret chicken recipe was rejected 1,009 times before a restaurant accepted it.
8. Walt Disney: Today Disney rakes in billions from merchandise, movies and theme parks around the world, but Walt Disney himself had a bit of a rough start. He was fired by a newspaper editor because, "he lacked imagination and had no good ideas." After that, Disney started a number of businesses that didn't last too long and ended with bankruptcy and failure. He kept plugging along, however, and eventually found a recipe for success that worked.

Top Ten Fastest Rising Keywords in 2010

1. Irctc login

2.Micromax Mobile

3. Youtube Videos

4. Fifa

5. Face Book

6. Cricket Live Score

7. Twitter

8. Way2sms

9. Samsung Mobile

10. Zedge

Classification of Industries by Size

Industries size are classified  into three types

1. Small-scale or Cottage Industry
2. Medium Business (SMB or SME)

3. Global Industry dominated by MNC.

Classifying Industries by Sector

There are Three types of sectors

Primary Industry :- The agricultural, farming and fisheries businesses come under this head.

Secondary Industry :- The industries that utilize machines, factories or human labor to convert raw materials into a processed final product. The manufacturing industries, or heavy industry, are typical examples of Secondary Industry types.

Tertiary Industry :- Services-based industries are known as tertiary industries. Retail, food & beverage and professional services are examples of Tertiary Industry.

Market Forecast

A Market is a place where people basically trade commodities and services voluntarily to gain profits from the ensuing exchange. Therefore Market Forecast refers to the calculated predictions upon the developments in the various markets around the globe that are likely to affect World Economy.

 

Market Forecast predicted by Market Analysts draw largely upon detailed reports of market analysis and behavior. However the trends beyond the control of those professionally related to the market can affect Market Forecast greatly. These may include :

 

• environmental changes
• social trends
• economic changes. Market Forecast differ depending on the characteristic features of the specific markets to which they cater. Market Forecast of the present times have to take into account constantly rising inflation, market trends, market analysis and several other significant factors related to the market before making any predictions upon the market.  

Market Forecast of all markets look favorable with the prices of all sorts of commodities and services rising but not at a rate beyond the reach of the common public. This can be said of all the markets around the world with obviously a few exceptions. The future appears to be steady and the Market Forecast predicts just that. 

 

The Market Forecast is arrived at after a detailed investigation of the current trends that are shaping not only the production, but also the marketing, distribution and sales of commodities and services in the market. Then adjustments are made to the same to suit the market preferences. This is done in order to optimize the sales of goods and commodities produced within a country. As a result of these market strategies not only the profits of the companies associated with the market go up but the Gross Domestic Product of the nation concerned also rises considerably.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/forecast.html

Market Statistics

Market Statistics are an indispensable part of Market Analysis for it helps professionals related with all kinds of markets in determining the trends of the market in question and therefore in making informed and wise forecasts upon the market. Market Statistics is also used for arriving at conclusions regarding every sphere of business and government, Statistics being a scientific discipline mainly concerned with the

• accumulation
• analysis
• explanation, and
• display of data. Accurate Market Statistics can be arrived at only through a consistent and minute Market Watch under the observation of expert professionals related with the market. Only a close and detailed Market Watch can lead to a proper and near accurate set of Market Statistics.

Thereafter the data received from the Market Statistics are analyzed and inferences are drawn from it. This leads to the planning of Market Strategies upon which the sales of the products such as goods and services in the market depend largely, as explained through the following stages :

 

• Market Statistics are drawn from the Market Watch.
• A detailed analysis of the Market Statistics is carried out.
• Market Report is derived from the Market Analysis.
• Market Forecast is predicted based upon the Market Report.
• Market Strategies are planned keeping in mind the current Market Forecast.

 

The formulations which the companies undergo and the strategies which are put into place as a result of the activities beginning from Market Watch and continuing up to Market Strategies, taking into account the Market Statistics play an active role in increasing the sales of commodities and services circulated in the market. These actions undertaken by companies to promote their products maximize the profits that can be gained from the sales of the products.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/statistics.html

Quotes of Market

Market Quotes are tools through which one can understand the lowest price a seller can accept and the highest price a buyer can afford for a particular product. The Market Quotes or the buying and selling price can change from time to time dramatically. The time can be few hours or few seconds the Market Quotes can go through drastic changes.


Market Quotes are normally used in Share markets where the biddings are made through various means. Anybody eager to go through day trading has to watch the Share Market Quotes very keenly and bid for stocks that according to him would reach high and give him maximum profit.

Share Market Quotes Those who desire to make money out of securities normally hire professional brokers who can look through the maze of crucial informations of a particular day's trend. Getting hold of the best Stock Market Quote of the day can be boring and extremely unstable as the value of securities can move up or come down during the day.

Various Reasons for the Change in Market Quotes Many things affect the Stock Market Quote's rising and falling. The rising and falling of the share Market Quotes can even depend on a country which is situated thousand miles away from the particular stock market. A change in the business policy of that country can make it happen.

Warfares and natural calamity always have had a huge affect on the buying value of securities. Even financial situation which gets over a particular market as the consequence of possible conditions can cause a change in prices even though nothing major has happened.

Market Quotes can be hugely affected by the national politics as well as the global politics. It has been seen that change in the leading political party in a country can often see changes in economical strategies. That is why it has been seen often that as a new government takes oath the Market Quotes can go up at a rapid speed or it comes down the same way. These extremities have often been witnessed by market participants.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/quotes.html

Market Research

A systematic accumulating, recording and examining of data about the participants like buyers and sellers and the whole market together is what can be termed as Market Research. In other words Market Research helps a company to understand the pulse of the consumer and take decisions accordingly. The Market Research is done on the basis of the per capita income of the people, age, gender, socio-economic condition of the place and various other things. 
Market Research is helpful in various ways. Such as:

• Planning a suitable and profitable business
• Setting up new products and services according to demands
• Improving upon the product that is already launched.
• Entering various markets from time to time.

 

Researching the Market Trend

 

A very important thing in Market Research understanding the Market Trend. Before investing money in a market by means of launching a product or service,by buying shares one needs to know the trend of the market. Through sound Market Research one can end up staying way ahead of his market competitors.

 

Market Research Steps

 

There are four basic steps through which Market Research is done.

 

They are:

 

1. Specifying the Market Research Problem
2. Designing the Market Research
3. Data gathering and analyzing
4. Articulate findings  

Specifying the Market Research Problem: This is the most important thing in the whole process. A company might spend millions of dollars for research work but the key to success is knowing the problem properly before starting the Market Research. A complete specification of problem makes the job easier and sound for the researchers.

Designing the Market Research:There are three steps through the Market Research is designed.

 

• Research design selection
• Identifying information sources and types
• Determination and designing of research instruments.

Research Design Selection is done through three steps:

Exploratory Research Design works in an amorphous and informal way.

Descriptive Market Research works in a detailed way answering all possible questions.

Causal Market Research investigates the problem that is causing the problems.

 

There are two types of data available in the market for identifying information sources and types:

   

Primary Informations are the ones which are collected by the researchers themselves. Secondary Informations are the ones which were collected some times earlier by somebody or organizations.

  

Determination and designing of research instrument is also important. After determining what kind of informations are needed the researchers determine the means through which data are to be collected. These means are mainly telephones surveys, mail surveys,group interviews or personal interviews.

  

Data Gathering and Analyzing: Data collections are done by hired students or employees. Some times it analyzed by hired officers and some time the research institute itself goes through the process.

 

Articulating Facts: After all these steps are cleared properly a report of Market Research is articulated and submitted to the concerned company or the institutions.

Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/research.html

Money Markets, Money Market

Money markets fulfill the short-term monetary requirements of corporations, the government, banks and other financial institutions. The maturity of these short-term loans is usually up to thirteen months.
Money markets use different instruments, such as bankers’ acceptances, Treasury bills, commercial papers and repurchase agreements, to borrow or lend money. These instruments are mostly influenced by the central bank’s policies, inflation and the rates of interest. The interest rates on these instruments are usually based on the LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate).

Money Market Instruments
 
Money markets impact economies by providing the necessary funds to large institutions. This, in turn, helps in maintaining the liquidity-profit balance. Popular money market instruments include:

• Bankers’ acceptance: These are bank drafts and are extremely safe investments.
• Certificates of deposit (CDs): These are deposits made in a bank for a fixed term. These are also issued by credit union and thrifts to raise immediate funds. Since investments in CDs are time bound, they offer a higher interest rate. CDs of high denominations may be sold before the expiry of the term.
• Commercial papers: These are unsecured notes issued by large corporations with high creditworthiness and banks to fulfill their short-term obligations. These papers are not backed by banks and hence are sold at a discount to their face value. Commercial papers have a lock-in period of up to 270 days.
• Federal agency short-term securities: These are securities, such as the Farm Credit System and the Federal Home Loan Banks, which are issued by the US government.
• Other US government bodies also issue papers, such as municipal notes and Treasury bills, to obtain funds to repay the debt liabilities and immediate expenses.

 
 Risk in Money Markets


Instruments in the money markets vary in terms of their risk quotient. When arranged in the increasing order of risk, treasury bills come first, followed by banker’s acceptances, certificates of deposits and commercial papers. However, instruments with the lowest risk also offer the lowest returns.

The money market attracts risk-averse lenders. This is because the borrowers are all big names and trade securities that are associated with low risk and high liquidity, albeit at a low yield.

Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/money-market/

Currency Market, Forex Market

The currency market or forex market is a place where banks and other authorized establishments trade the currencies of various nations. This market is unique in the sense that it allows trading 24-hour a day, 5.5 days in a week. The currency market is highly liquid and is the world’s largest financial market, with more than $3 trillion being traded on a daily basis.

 

According to the Triennial Central Bank survey conducted end-2007, the daily trade in the forex market can be broken down into:

 

• Spot transactions - $1.005 trillion.
• Forward contracts - $362 billion.
• Foreign exchange swaps - $1.714 trillion.

Currency Market Participants
 
There are several types of participants in the currency market. The forex market is divided into various levels of access, the topmost being the interbank market. The interbank market consists of over a thousand banks that trade with each other and accounts for the majority of the trading in the currency market. Other major participants in the currency market are:
 

 

Central banks: These banks play a crucial role in the forex market as they participate in the market to control inflation and the money supply with significant forex reserves, if needed. They also aim at protecting their country’s reserves. 

 

Commercial Companies: These companies may trade in the forex market to pay for exported/imported goods and services and to pay wages and salaries to people working in their subsidiaries located in other countries. They usually trade in small amounts. 

 

Hedging funds: These funds invest in various financial instruments, including foreign currencies. Most investment and hedge funds speculate in the currency value, with an aim to generate profits for their customers and receive a percentage of the profits earned. These funds have been very actively involved in currency speculation. 

 

Retail traders: They have been actively participating in the forex market. Retail traders use online trading platforms that provide real time data on currency prices, volumes traded and other related information.

 

Retail brokers: Retail forex brokers offer speculative trading opportunities and are regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and National Futures Association (NFA). They help retail traders in participating in the currency market indirectly. Retail forex brokers earn by charging a spread, which is the difference between the ask and bid prices.
Common Financial Instruments Used in the Currency Market

 

Some of the common financial instruments used in the currency market are:

 

  

Spot: This is a direct exchange between two currencies within the shortest timeframe (takes two days for a transaction to conclude). 

 

Forward: In forward transactions, a buyer and a seller set a date for a currency transaction. On this date, the transaction gets executed regardless of the prevailing forex rates. 

 

Futures: These are contracts of forward transactions that mature at a pre-specified rate and date. Usually the length of these contracts is three months. 

 

Swap: A currency swap is a transaction wherein two parties exchange currencies for a certain period of time and reverse the transaction on a predetermined date.

 

Option: This instrument gives the owner the right to exchange currency at a pre-decided exchange rate on a pre-determined date. 

 

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): They are open-ended investment companies trading throughout the day. They track the price fluctuations in all currencies against the US dollar. ETFs rise in value when the US dollar loses its value against a specific currency.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/currency-market-forex-market.html

Market Watch

It is crucial for investors to be up-to-date with market trends, sentiments and fundamentals. The phrase Market watch, or watching the markets, means keeping in touch with fast-changing market trends in order to make informed and calculated investment decisions.
Market Watch: The Main Markets
The main investment markets are:

 

• Stock market: One can exchange the shares of companies listed on various bourses as well as other securities and derivatives at a specified price.
• Profits are made by buying shares at low prices and selling them at higher prices. Some of the world’s leading stock exchanges, where one can sell shares and their derivatives, are the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ), Chicago Stock Exchange (CSE), London Stock Exchange (LSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Another way of earnings profits from this market is through dividends, which is part of the income that a company generates and passes to its shareholders.
• Forex market: The foreign exchange (forex) market allows investors to speculate and profit from changes in the exchange rates of currency pairs. It is the largest financial market in the world, with an average daily turnover of $3.2 trillion. Average daily trading volume is more than 1.9 trillion. The forex market has no centralized trade location.
• Commodities market: In this market, investors can exchange contracts to buy or sell raw or primary products at a specific price. Some of the most commonly traded commodities are gold, silver, crude oil, coffee and cotton.
• Bonds market: This market issues some of the most common financial instruments, such as bonds, treasury bills, notes and certificates of deposit (CDs). They are like debt taken by governments, financial intermediaries and companies to raise capital. In this market, investors (debt holders) earn regular income in the form of interest payments and receive the entire principal amount on maturity.

What does Market Watch Involve?
Market watch involves gathering data points for making buy and sell decisions. The sources of information include:

• Business news
• Real-time commentary
• Price charts
• Personal finance information
• Basic investment data

 

There are several websites that provide this data on an ongoing basis, including EconomyWatch.com. A thorough search would help you find information on corporate developments, price movements and economic news.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/market-watch.html

Financial Market, Financial Markets

People who wish to earn more on their savings direct their funds to the financial market. Investments in the financial market, which includes trading in bonds, stocks and commodities, typically yield higher income than depositing money in a bank account. The financial market also represents higher risk than money deposited in a bank account. However, investors can minimize their risk exposure by diversifying their investments across various financial options and by transferring risks with the help of insurance policies. The main players in the financial markets are brokers, dealers, investment bankers and financial intermediaries.

Key Functions of a Financial Market
 

Financial markets

• Facilitate the transfer of funds from one entity to another for investment purposes or immediate use.
• Set prices for newly issued and existing financial assets.
• Offer financial asset-holders an opportunity to liquidate their assets.
• Helping in reducing transaction costs.

Financial Markets: Types

Financial markets comprise of:

Capital markets: Capital markets can be broadly categorized into the primary and secondary markets. While in the primary markets, companies generate new capital by issuing shares or bonds to investors, the secondary markets facilitate the trading of existing shares and bonds between investors. These markets can be further subdivided into the stock markets and bond markets. Stock markets offer trading facilities for shares, common stocks and stock derivatives. Some of the major players in the capital markets are the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and the US government bond market.

Derivatives and insurance markets: These markets are centered on risk management and risk transference. The derivatives market works towards reducing and managing financial risks. MATBA and ROFEX are some of the largest derivative markets. The insurance sector is involved in the transference of life, property and health-related risks from the policyholder to the insurance company.

Foreign exchange market: The forex market, which is the largest financial market in the world, facilitates the trading of the currencies of various nations.

Commodity markets: These markets facilitate the trading of commodities, such as gold, silver and agricultural goods. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and Tokyo Commodity Exchange (TOCOM) are among the world’s most popular commodity markets.

Money markets: The money market deals primarily in short-term debt securities and investments, such as banker’s acceptances, negotiable certificates of deposit, repos and Treasury Bills.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/financial-market.html

Market Trends

Types of Trends

Market trends can be classified into:

• Primary Market Trend: It usually lasts for a year or more.

1. Bull Market: This is an uptrend, with rising share prices. It occurs when investors trust the  market to  yield high capital gains in the future. This optimism boosts the financial markets.
2. Bear Market: This is a consistent decline in the price of most of the stocks in the market. Ubiquitous pessimism and the anticipation of losses encourage investors to sell even at very low prices.
3. Market Bottom: This is when the stock prices hit rock bottom. Also known as recession, its occurrence is difficult to predict. A market bottom is followed by an upturn, although the time that the market spends being at the bottom may be unpredictable and the initial phase of the upturn may be volatile.

• Secondary Market Trends: These are short-lived price fluctuations that may last from a few weeks to some months. During this period, the rise in prices is known as a bear market rally and a decline in prices is called market correction.
• Secular Market Trend: It consists of consecutive primary trends that can last from five to twenty-five years.
• Secular Bull Market: In such a market, the losses caused by a primary bear market are less severe. This is a relative statement, as the primary bull markets in this phase reward in a manner that covers all the losses suffered in the past.
• Secular Bear Market: In this market, gains from a primary bull market do not exceed the damage caused by primary bear markets.

How to Identify Market Trends
To find out the direction in which the financial market is moving, one needs to have information on share prices and traded volumes. This can be obtained easily as the daily sales data is made available by various websites and financial institutions. Stockbrokers generally look at three indices – NASDAQ, Dow and S&P500 - to determine the market trend. However, an investor must remember that it is not possible to predict the market with complete accuracy.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/market-trend.html

Market Trend

A market trend is a systematic pattern of the movement of a market. It is the general direction in which a market moves or a notable changeless pattern. Market trends can be determined by studying market data over a period of time and is used to predict the movement of prices going ahead.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/market-trend.html

Market Analysis

Market analysis refers to a formal investigation of market forces and trends in order to facilitate decision making related to financial instruments. These financial instruments may be equities, bonds, mortgage-backed securities, futures or options. Market analysis involves studying the market fundamentals and historic trends to build financial models in order to project future earnings and trends.

Market Analysis: How is it Done?

Market analysis comprises of two main methods of analysis, namely fundamental analysis and technical analysis.

Fundamental analysis: This is based on the belief that 90% of market movements are determined by logic, while 10% is based on psychology. The premise of fundamental analysis is that the market will eventually reflect a security's real worth. Thus, it focuses on the proper valuation of the security, which in turn is based on the underlying asset. It considers the growth potential, interest rates, regular earnings from the instrument (like dividend payouts) and risk factors. These figures are used to determine the intrinsic value of the security. Very little attention is paid to past price movements.

Technical analysis: Technical analysis is based on the creation, examination and interpretation of charts that track the past price movements and volumes traded of a security. Technical analysis is used as a basis for making projections about future movements. It is based on the belief that 90% of market movements are determined by psychology, while only 10% is based on logic.

While fundamental analysis may be too complex for a lay investor to undertake, s/he could learn to read chart patterns and candlesticks. Savvy investors may use these to identify underlying trends or patterns and take investing decisions.

Where to Get Market Analysis

• Market analysis is conducted by various organizations, banks and analysts. One can check the following sources:
• The Internet: This has extensive and up-to-date information on analysis and projections. One can search for trading systems and signals. Moreover, you can read analyst recommendations online.
• Business News on TV: News channels on television (such as CNBC, BBC and Fox News) are a good source of information and expert opinions.  
• Government sources. 
• Trade journals, magazines and newspapers.

Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/analysis.html

Market Strategies

Market Strategies are very important for market participants. Through Market Strategies a company or a business institutions and even individual buyers and sellers can extract maximum profit. Though the important thing is to go through sound market survey and research before operating any strategical move. It may appear with the naked eye that small investors or buyers and sellers do not make strategies,they actually do. In street markets the seller has his own Market Strategies on what price he wants to sell his commodity. As the buyer wants to curtail the price and make maximum profit out of it.
There are various ways through which a market strategy can be done. All Strategies are unique and thus is very difficult to categories. But there are some generic categorizing which is done by the market experts. Some of the common market types are:
Types :-

• Strategies Based on Market Dominance
• Porter Generic Market Strategies
• Innovation Strategies
• Growth Strategies

Warfare Based Market Strategies Strategies Based on Market Dominance: Through this policy the business farms are distributed in different parts based on their dominance in the field and the market share. Three types of Market Strategies based on dominance are – leader,challenger and follower.

Porter Generic :-

This strategy is consisted of strategic scope and strategic strength. Strategic strength looks to keep the company's competitive vantage and strategic strength looks to penetrate the market. This can be divided into three parts such as cost leadership,production differentiation and market segmentation.

Innovation Strategies:-

This strategy deals with the company's launch of new products and models in the market. Innovation strategies also also let the company know if it is on the verge of fore fronting technology and business innovation. These can be of three types-pioneers,close followers and late followers.

Growth Strategies:-

Through this the strategists interrogate people about their plan to make their company grow and try to take better verdicts to make a new plan which can make the company prosper.

Warfare Based Market Strategies:-

This process draws parallel between military strategies and Market Strategies. It is considered to be the most desperate way of selecting strategies.

The ultimate aim of inventing Market Strategies is to enter or sustain in a market with maximum profit and for that companies,individuals are always making strategies not always formally but informally as well.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/market-strategies.html

Market Demands

Market demand is simply meant as the aggregations of individual demands on a particular commodity. Get in detailed on the market demand.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/

Market Entry

The case of Market Entry simply arises only when the concepts such as Legal Barriers, Product or Service, Competitions and Public Policy are taken in to account. Find various conditions of market entry


Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/

Meaning of Market

Meaning of market is simply meant as a place where the buyers and sellers gather to exchange of various products and services among them. This is commonly known as the market place
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/overview/

Money Market

Money market generally deals with short term debt securities that mature in less than a year. Find various instruments used, rates charged and functioning of world money market.

• Money Market Account
• Money Market Instruments
• Money Market Overview

Sources: http://www.economywatch.com/market/market-types/

Market Types

Common prevalance of market types over the world are Finance Market, Money market, Capital market etc. Find below various types of markets over the world.

• Farmer’s Market
• Free Market
• Black Market
• Green Economy
• New Economy
• Digital Economy
• Knowledge Economy

Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/market-types/

Types of Market

A market is an environment that allows buyers and sellers to trade or exchange goods, services, and information. These interactions define demand and supply characteristics and are therefore fundamental to economies.
A market can be defined as a place where any type of trade takes place. Markets are dependent on two major participants – buyers and sellers. Buyers and sellers typically trade goods, services and/ or information. Historically, markets were physical meeting places where buyers and sellers gathered together to trade. Although physical markets are still vital, virtual marketplaces supported by IT networks such as the internet have become the largest and most liquid.

Some markets are very competitive, with a number of vendors selling the same kinds of products or services. Conversely, some markets have low or no competition, particularly if the industry is protected by government legislation.

The number of buyers and sellers involved will have a direct bearing on the price of the good or service to be sold, and has become known as the law of supply and demand. Where there are more sellers than buyers, the availability of supply will push down prices. If there are more buyers than sellers, the increased demand will push up prices.

Markets can appear spontaneously when there are goods or services to be exchanged, or they can be planned and regulated.
Free Markets :-
Free markets operate under ‘laissez-faire’ conditions, in that the government does not intervene in how the market operates. These markets may be distorted if a seller gains monopoly power by managing the majority of supply (or indeed if a buyer develops monopsony power by managing demand). Governments or trade bodies often step in when such distortions undermine the smooth functioning of free markets.
Currency Markets :-
The currency markets are the largest continuously traded markets in the world. Twenty four hours a day, seven days a week, governments, banks, investors and consumers are buying and selling every currency, leading to massive money flows constantly changing hands.
Stock Markets :-
Stock markets have become highly complex markets that allow investors to buy shares in companies or in funds that aggregate companies or industries together. Most stock markets today are primarily electronic networks, although they often maintain a physical location for buyers, sellers and market makers to interact directly.
Types of Consumer Markets
Markets originally started as marketplaces usually in the center of villages and towns, for the sale or barter of farm produce, clothing and tools. These kinds of street markets developed into a whole variety of consumer-oriented markets, such as specialist markets, shopping centers, supermarkets, or even virtual markets such as eBay.
Commodity Markets :-
With the rising price of oil and food, commodity markets are once again under the spotlight. Commodities underpin economic activity. Commodity markets include: energy (oil, gas, coal and increasingly renewable energy sources such as biodiesel), soft commodities and grains (wheat, oat, corn, rice, soya beans, coffee, cocoa, sugar, cotton, frozen orange juice, etc), meat, and financial commodities such as bonds.
Capital Goods & Industrial Markets :-
Capital goods markets help businesses to buy durable goods to be used in industrial and manufacturing processes. A number of services can also be associated with these goods. Transactions tend to be wholesale with large quantities of goods being transacted at low prices.
Source: http://www.economywatch.com/market/market-types/

Marketing Skill Set

Marketing Skill Set
1. To strengthen your ability to think well. Businesses expect that a college graduate can think well. At all times you are expected to think clearly, logically, creatively and ethically about business (in general) and marketing (in particular).
2. To strengthen your ability to make decisions. Decision-making skills are always in demand in business. Throughout the course you are expected to apply decision-making skills to the analysis and solution of marketing problems.
3. To strengthen your ability to speak and to write. Good speaking and writing skills are essential to the career advancement of business people. You will have ample opportunity to practice communicating marketing ideas through presentation of oral and written marketing strategies.
4. To strengthen your ability to apply your marketing knowledge and skills. Businesses expect that a marketing college graduate can apply the marketing knowledge and skills learned in college to real situations. Throughout this course you will be applying your marketing knowledge and skills to real organizational situations through in-depth analysis of marketing problems. The project method will strengthen your ability to analyze both the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of a marketing problem. The project method will also give you an understanding of how marketing varies in different organizations and industries.
5. To strengthen your ability to do research. Knowing when and how to do research is essential to success in business. Your projects will push you beyond the limits of what you now know. Hence, you must do secondary and/or primary research to increase your knowledge of companies, industries, products and consumers. Such research is essential to being well prepared in this class. There is no excuse for not doing your research.
6. To strengthen your ability to ask questions. Good business people learn to ask good questions. Asking good questions hones the mind. It may also help avoid disastrous marketing strategies. In this class, there are two purposes for the questions you are expected to ask. First, by asking questions you improve your personal ability to understand and analyze marketing problems. Second, by asking questions you help strengthen your peers’ ability to handle questions.
7. To strengthen your ability to use business technology effectively. You should master the essential business technology that will enable you to succeed. In particular, this includes communications and computer technologies.
8. To strengthen your ability to be passionately persistent. Success doesn’t just happen. It is made by those so passionately persistent that they will not accept failure. Passion is a learned attitude and persistence is a learned behavior. Together they will serve you well in life, in your career and in this class. Learn them now!
9. To strengthen your ability to work in a team. Teamwork is essential to the success of businesses. Even one-owner businesses must team with other businesses to succeed. Teamwork will also be essential to your success in this class.
10. To strengthen your ability to report to a boss. Virtually every businessperson has a boss and must work hard to meet the expectations of the boss. In marketing, the customer is always our boss. As your professor in this class, I am your boss and I have high expectations!